Essay on document entitled “Free Printing Being Abused” Essay

As can be gleaned from the article entitled â€Å"Free Printing being Abused† by Mark Burk, he is dismayed on how irresponsible most of the students are in their actions. Students must understand that free printing offered by the library is a privilege and not a right. It is an initiative of the academe to provide convenience to their students. It is a selfless concern of the school to its students. Burk pointed out the waste of resources particularly papers. As everyone knows, raw materials of a paper come from trees. In short it comes from nature. When one wastes a piece of paper, it is tantamount a small percentage of nature destruction. When all of paper waste as a result of irresponsible printing will be collectively accounted for, it might be tantamount to killing one big tree in the forest. Nature is there to provide our needs and let us not allow this purpose to be futile. It is not just a waste of resources as pointed out by Burk. It is also a waste of electricity and a waste of printer toner (ink). This irresponsible action of most students contributes to the overall expenses of the school. It is very painful to pay for services when you know that this is a result of immaturity and intentional unwanted actions. Burk has a point into making students pay for each paper they print. As he said, this is to minimize the abuse students are doing basically because it is heavy on the pocket to pay for something not valuable like paper wastes. Another point for making students pay is for the continuing maintenance of the printer. But on the other hand, making students pay for each page printed is rather a temporary and a weak solution to the problem. The root of the problem must be addressed and that root cause of the problem is moral values system of students. The school must always instill in their students the importance of conservation and the importance of responsibility for their actions. In this manner, the root cause of the problem is extinguished. Always remember not to waste any resources because in this day and age most of our resources are depleted and there will come a time that we will experience scarcity in resources such as papers and electricity and sad to say that they will longer be free by that time and you have to pay huge amount of money just to be able to obtain those resources.

Compare Two Theories Of Learning Education Essay

This essay is traveling to be discoursing two different theories of larning within the Early Years Foundation Stage. The two theories that are traveling to be compared are the theory of Operant Conditioning which was conducted by Skinner and the second was the Social Learning Theory which was conducted by Bandura. The first theory that will be discussed is Operant Conditioning. B F Skinner was a behaviorist who studied kids ‘s behavior and from this he developed the theory of Operant Conditioning. Skinner developed the thought of Operant Conditioning the work of Edward Thorndike. One definition of Operant Conditioning is: â€Å" behavior that is followed by pleasant effects tend to be repeated and therefore learned. Behaviour that is followed by unpleasant effects tends non to be repeated and therefore non learned. † ( Alberto and Troutman, 2006 ; pg. 12 ) . Operant Conditioning consists of two different types of support. The first type of support is positive support. Positive support is a manner of reenforcing a coveted behavior in kids through positive feedback or wagess. For illustration, in footings of acquisition, a practician may praise a kid for giving the correct reply to a inquiry. There are two different types of positive support. These are positive reinforcing stimuluss and negative reinforcing stimuluss. Positive reinforcing stimulu ss are when a positive result is used as a wages. So for illustration, if a kid is acting a spine will be given to them at the terminal of the twenty-four hours. Negative reinforcing stimuluss are when something negative is taken off when the kid does something good. So for illustration, if a kid has non behaved and have been told that they are traveling to be losing some of their drama and the kid does something good subsequently on the kid will hold their drama returned. The 2nd type of support is negative support. This is besides known as penalty. Negative support can be explained by the remotion of a negative stimulation to increase the likeliness of the kid moving in the coveted manner. For illustration, if two kids are systematically speaking to each other negative support would affect dividing the two kids so that they can non speak to each other. There are two different types of negative support. These are negative penalty and positive penalty. Negative penalty is where some thing positive the kid has been given is taken off from them after bad behavior. If the school uses a chart system such as a rainbow chart to demo kids ‘s behavior and a kid has behaved throughout the twenty-four hours and had their name put on the rainbow, if they so misbehave they will be moved lower down the chart towards the cloud. Positive penalty is where the kid is misconducting and they have a negative response for it. An illustration of this is where the kid a child gets scolded for hapless behavior. Another illustration of this is where a kid stones on their and are told off for it. If they do it once more and fall off of the chair and hurt themselves they will larn non to make it once more. Children within the Early Years Foundation Stage are still larning the difference between what is right and what is incorrect. Operant Conditioning Theory is relevant to kids of this age group due to the fact that the cardinal construct of this theory is reward and penalty. If ki ds are rewarded for good behavior and punished for bad behavior systematically, they are more likely to larn the right manner to act. Skinner ‘s Operant Conditioning Theory can clearly be seen within my scene. Throughout my puting each of the categories use Operant Conditioning a batch with the kids. In my peculiar schoolroom, the instructor uses a system known as the rainbow system. The kids ‘s names start off on the Sun at the beginning of the twenty-four hours and if they behave truly good and work truly difficult so there name will be moved up to the rainbow and if they continue to work hard so their names move up to the pot of gold. At the terminal of the twenty-four hours if there are kids whose names are still on the pot of gold so they receive a spine. However, if the kids are being riotous, they are given a warning by the instructor and if they carry on so their names and moved down to the cloudy sky image and so if they still carry on their names will be moved down to the rain cloud. I feel that Operant Conditioning theory is relevant in my scene as it is used systematically throughout the sch ool. First, it is non merely in the EYFS it is used, it is besides used in all of the other categories through a virtue system. The virtue system is really good as if the kids get adequate virtues throughout the twelvemonth and their clip in the school they receive a wages. Besides, on Sports Day, they school is split into six different groups and if the virtues each kid gets throughout the twelvemonth for their group is added to the sum they receive on Sports Day and the group that wins is given the House Cup. Another ground why I feel that Operant Conditioning is relevant in my scene is due to the fact that it is consistent throughout the whole school. It is non merely used in the schoolroom, they besides use it in assemblies. For illustration, throughout the assemblies the practicians walk around and detect the kids and those that are acting throughout the whole of the assembly will have virtue points to manus to their instructor. However, there are some failings in the ways in w hich this system in used within my scene. For illustration, although it is a good thought, I feel that non all of the kids are recognised for their good behavior. Although I understand that it may be hard for the practicians to recognize all of the kids that are acting good, some of the kids may experience that they are non noticed for acting suitably. The 2nd theory in which is traveling to be discussed within this essay is Albert Bandura ‘s Social Learning Theory. Albert Bandura is a behavioristic theoretician. Social Learning Theory is based chiefly on Behaviourism and Cognitive Theory. The chief thoughts behind the Social Learning Theory are patterning and observation. An illustration of Social Learning Theory within a school scene is when a kid is misconducting and another kid who is really familiar with kid imitates their behavior. Social Learning Theory is relevant to the Early Years Foundation Stage due to the fact that the cardinal construct of this peculiar theory is fake and patterning. Children of this degree and age tend to copy others in footings of how they behave. They besides tend to copy those that are function theoretical accounts to them. Bandura ‘s Social Learning Theory is besides apparent within my arrangement. Throughout the school the instructors act as good function theoretical accounts for the kids and they try to acquire kids to retroflex good behavior. For illustration in my arrangement the instructors try to acquire the kids to retroflex good behaviors that they see within the schoolroom scene. So if a kid is non sitting softly and another kid is the instructor is likely to notice on the kid ‘s good behavior. Then the instructor will state the kid misconducting that should move how the other kid is moving. The theory is besides apparent within my arrangement through the practicians themselves. For illustration, kids tend to copy the ways in which their instructors behave, so the practicians within my puting behave in ways in which they want the kids to act so that the kids will retroflex good behavior. I feel that this theory is besides relevant in my arrangement. There are some strengths and wea knesses to this theory being used in the EYFS. First of all the strengths of utilizing this theory in my arrangement are that if a kid is acting good in the schoolroom, other kids around them are more likely to copy this behavior. However, a failing of this theory being used within my arrangement is that kids who are non behaving and are non addressed by the practician are besides likely to hold that behavior imitated by other kids in the category which could take to many of the kids acting in this manner. Operant Conditioning and Social Learning Theory are different in many different ways. First of all ; in Operant Conditioning the chief focal point is on honoring good behavior and penalizing bad behavior, but in Social Learning Theory the chief focal point is on kids retroflexing behaviors that they have observed and witnessed from their function theoretical accounts. Another manner in which operant conditioning and societal acquisition theory differ from each other is in footings of when kids learn. First of all, in operant conditioning, kids learn how to act from what they have experienced antecedently, whereas with societal larning theory, kids learn from each experience when they imitate a behavior from the practician or their schoolmates. Both of these theories are besides similar in many different ways. First of wholly, both of the theories focus on kids detecting behavior and behaving in a manner that they have learnt is the appropriate manner. So for illustration in operant conditioning the kids observe other kids around them acting to acquire wagess or they themselves have behaved in order to acquire wagess and they have learnt that to acquire the wages they need to act the same manner in which they did earlier. In societal acquisition theory the kids observe other people around them acting in a peculiar manner and they imitate this behavior, particularly if it is person they consider a function theoretical account or it is person who they are really good friends with. To reason, both of these theories are really utile to utilize in a schoolroom puting when working with younger kids. However, from my experience I feel that Bandura ‘s Social Learning Theory, may non be the best theory to utilize when working with the EYFS due to the fact that the kids are really immature and make non rather understand the construct of good and bad behavior and they do be given to copy the behavior of those around them that they are friends with. Overall, I do experience that although there are restrictions when utilizing Social Learning Theory both Operant Conditioning and Social Learning Theory do work good together in helping practicians in educating the kids within the EYFS.

Has UK become a digital nation?

Abstract Information Technology has become more prevalent making it indispensable in the day to day activities of not just individuals or businesses but to the nation as a whole. There are more government initiatives to move from paper-based record keeping to a digital record management. However, despite technology growth, the nation as a whole is not prepared to get accustomed to a digital world. Though technology simplifies certain key processes and tasks in our day to day lives there are still areas like training and development that the nation needs to tackle in order embrace the digital revolution. The key aim of this review is to understand the key role of information technology and information systems in business, public sector and in the lives of the common man and the evolution of technology and its use in various areas. The review critically analyses research about internet and other emerging technologies and points out the current gaps. Introduction The rapid development of information technology and tools has not only made it easier for individuals and businesses to work at their own convenience and obtain information faster, but has also shrunk the world into a global village. Information Systems and Technologies have now become the backbone and lifeblood of businesses. In an information age, almost all processes are automated by businesses, most transactions take place over the internet and businesses use information technology in some way or the other. The Office for National Statistics (2013) have shown that there has been a sharp increase in the usage of internet for business activities. From using internet as a primary means of communications, businesses are now increasingly using internet for making sales online. The statistics show that 18% of the business turnover was accounted for by online sales and nearly 43% of businesses in the UK used social media to market their products and promotional activities. Studies by Business Zone (2011) showed that 77% of the households in the UK have access to the internet and that the growth in the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has the potential to generate ?35 million value added growth in the UK economy by businesses. In the digital technological age, businesses and nations have two options to either embrace the technology or be a technologically divided nation. Technology has become ingrained in the lives of the modern man and has proven to have significant advantages and benefits. The last four decades have shown a stark increase in the development and usage of technology. Businesses that do not have technological expertise miss out on opportunities, individuals find it difficult to carry on even the most mundane tasks without technological assistance as dependence on technology increases but technology enables information to be available at any time that helps organisations take strategic decisions (Melville et al, 2004) The main aim of this paper is to identify the role information systems play in organisations and to critically review the literature to get an in-depth understanding of the IT trends and infrastructure evolution in order to understand whether the UK has become a digital nation. Literature Review This section discusses the role of Information Systems in business organisations, the infrastructure and key technological developments over the past few years and also the role of internet in the digital and modern age.Information Systems in BusinessStudies show that information systems are being used by businesses in order to increase productivity, decrease costs, and effectively manage their day to day operations thereby increasing profits (Melville et al, 2004). Information Technology and Information Systems are no longer a separate department in an organisation but a cross-functional one which has a role to play in the overall business, thus making it inevitable (Rainer and Cegielski, 2010). In their book, Enabling and Transforming Business, the authors (Melville et al, 2004)discuss the role information system plays in not only developing the business but also as a key role it takes in facilitating the business to reach its strategic and long-term goals and vision. The authors d iscuss the power of digital information and the real-world applications of Information Technology in a business environment. The authors show that IT solutions can be applied to any business problem in order to maximise the returns and also to ensure that an effective solution is maintained. This is not just true to business organisations. In a digitised world, governments also apply Information Technology to make information available and to use IT and information systems to process, store and disseminate information to enable faster processing, reduction in costs, improved practices and complying with various regulations .(Rainer and Cegielski, 2010).There is an undeniable and key role that Information Technology plays in business organisations that it is almost impossible for businesses to function without IT support. This does not mean that using IT would lead the organisation to success. The authors point out by means of case studies and examples where using IT can actually lea d to the failure. This points out to the areas that need to be concentrated on while implementing an IT solution within the business or the key points that need to be considered while deciding to digitise the business to ensure that the IT implementation helps the business achieve its objectives. This book provides all the basic pointers that need to be noted while implementing an information system and takes the reader through the importance `and advantages of the same. This book however cannot act as a final guide for choosing appropriate technologies or for advanced readers. Businesses in this information age are moving to global web-based platforms to be able to appeal to more customers. Internet and other emerging technologies, such as wireless and mobile communication systems, further enhance their business offering and also for competitive and strategic advantage (Bocij, 2006). Organisations use information systems for provision of business intelligence that would enable them be in the forefront (Negash, 2004). Studies relate good organisational performance with a strong information systems and infrastructure. Information technology has a great impact in the performance of the company and helps to add value to the services offered. However, researchers show that in order for the information technology to be able to add value and help in the significant contribution of the success of the business, it is essential a good framework is being used to develop the IT business model, training needs are adhered to and that a proper change management mechanism is in place. (Melville et al, 2004). From the above, it can be noted that information systems in business is inevitable and even government organisations are adapting and embracing new technologies thus driving forward the digital age and making a contributing to drive the nation to go digital.Emerging TechnologiesInformation Technology is developing and evolving at a rapid pace. Technology is no longer just a personal computer or a network of computers. Gartner (2013) predicts the top technologies include mobile device management, mobile apps and applications, cloud computing, smart machines and 3-D printing in 2014. MIT technology (2014) discusses that future holds a lot more breakthroughs in technologies. The most fascinating and powerful technologies that would dominate the current year are noted as ultraprivate smartphones built with security and privacy, 3-D printing, neuromorphic chips that act like brain chips and mobile collaboration. The research shows that these technologies take the digital age to a whole new level and that helps businesses become and remain more competitive and also take provision of services to a whole new level. Powerful and modern technology would enable businesses to operate and collaborate in a better fashion. These emerging technologies show that the scope of technology has gone beyond just using of computers and how technology if used properly can help steering forward the digital era and also the impact it can make on business as well as the entire population.Internet in BusinessInternet in business is gaining more and more importance and the proliferation of this technology has made communications seamless across the globe. The Internet started out as a communication technology and now has become indispensable to the business not only for communication but also for various other purposes (Afuah, 2000). Internet is increasingly used as a tool to collaborate, make sales, communicate with customers, build brand image and as an economically viable channel to advertise and reach out to a larger population of customers (Zhao, 2000). Internet commerce or e-commerce facilitates processing of transactions online using internet technologies. The development of these technologies and the proliferation of these has enabled businesses to sell their products directly to the customers irrespective of their geographic location. This technological era has not only changed dramatically but has also led to the change in perspective in terms of business models and the way businesses and corporations operate and engage with customers. The emergence of social media sites on the internet enables businesses use these to be able to pitch their ideas and attract a plethora of customers, build trust and a brand image. Similarly, using internet technologies has enabled effective communication across the globe irrespective of the time zone and to be able to obtain information across the globe at convenience. Overall this has marked the rapid growth in using technology as a means for development and making a significant impact in the digital world.Benefits of ITStudies show that UK digitisation has had a very positive impact in the economy and has added nearly ?63 billion to the annual GDP. The other benefits of IT in the general population and the economy includes: Better living quality by minimising efforts and increasing efficiency of services offered. Internet proficiency can help government to meet its goals and also streamline various processes. (UK & Booz & Co, 2012) Businesses can collaborate better and use its online presence to market its products and services.Key Information Technology ChallengesThough internet and other Information and Communications Technologies have become more prevalent and common in businesses today, there are still various organisations that face various IT implementation challenges. These include: 1. Moving from paper-based environment to electronic records: Studies show that more than 90% of the businesses use electronic records. However, moving from paper based to electronic environment could be quite challenging. Businesses would need to be able to find the correct records management software and technologies to support their processes and manage business records digitally and this is difficult because of the lack of key skills and expertise in understanding the various tools and services that are offered. This process could be further complicated by various compliance laws that might become applicable whilst moving to electronic records, organisational culture and change management procedure in place to handle these (M Rapaport, 2014). Training: When implementing new technologies it is imperative that staff are trained. Implementing new technologies might cause reluctance in employees using these due to lack of knowledge, skills and expertise. It is imperative that businesses use good training methods and have adequate change control to ensure business-wide acceptance of the technologies (E Savitz, 2011). Security: Security is a key issue and data protection and privacy are areas of concern for enterprises. Systems and technologies are under various threats and risks and it is therefore essential for businesses to think through the information security challenges, authentication and authorisation methods, policies, compliance and regulatory requirements whilst implementing IT within the business (Symantec, 2014). Conclusion All businesses and individuals are using information technology more and more. Government departments are also moving towards electronic data and technology has now become a part and parcel of all organisations. However, this development has a lot of challenges and businesses need to cross a lot of barriers before implementing the correct information system and technology. Training and acceptance of technology has to be taken into consideration while implementing Information systems across the organisation. There are various advantages of using IT and affiliated technologies. The key challenges facing the government adapting to technology is ensuring cost effectiveness and having a fully transparent procedure that is auditable. Moving to a digital age can make certain things challenging; however, the benefits of implementation of technologies outweigh the challenges. The current trend shows that there would be an increase in the technological proliferation and for government to embrace the technology fully it requires that the skills gap be catered to and that ICT literacy is taken into consideration by the government. To become a digital nation, substantial investment is required and the adequate skills needed to be able to support the infrastructure and the technology are essential. The costs for such an emergence needs to be taken into consideration and the necessary measures need to be taken to be fully prepared to embrace the technological age with ease. This review has shown that there are various benefits of using Information Technology and has also shown evidence of the usage of Information Technology by businesses and the government. This clearly shows the steps and the contribution to move to a digital era. It also highlights the key challenges faced and these challenges if tackled effectively would lead to harnessing all the key benefits of technology thus making UK a truly digital nation. References Rainer and Cegielski (2010): Introduction to Information Systems: Enabling and Transforming Business. USA: Wiley Publication. N Melville, K Kraemer, and V Gurbaxani (2004): Review: Information technology and organizational performance: An integrative model of IT business value. MIS Quarterly, ACM Digital Library. Negash S (2004). â€Å"Business Intelligence,† Communications of the Association for Information Systems: Vol. 13, Article 15. Available at: http://aisel.aisnet.org/cais/vol13/iss1/15 Office for National Statistics (2013): ICT Activity for UK Business 2012, Available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/rdit2/ict-activity-of-uk-businesses/2012/index.html Business Zone (2011): Internet stats show importance of online for small businesses, Available at: http://www.businesszone.co.uk/topic/technology/internet-stats-show-importance-online-small-businesses/36800 Bocij, P. (2006): Business Information Systems: Technology, Development and Management for the E-Business. UK: Pearson Education Trust. Rivera, J. (2013): Gartner Identifies the Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2014, Orlando Available at: http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2603623 MIT Technology (2014): 10 Breakthrough technologies in 2014, Available at: http://www.technologyreview.com/lists/technologies/2014/ A Afuah (2000): Internet Business Models and Strategies: Text and Cases, ACM Digital Library, USA David W. Stewart, Qin Zhao (2000) Internet Marketing, Business Models, and Public Policy. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 287-296 Rapaport, M. (2014): Top Challenges of Moving from Paper to Digital in Quality Management, IQS, USA. Available at: http://www.iqs.com/iqs-blog/top-challenges-moving-paper-digital-quality-management/#.U9KImvldVo8 Savitz E. (2011): How To Get Employees To (Really) Use New Technology, Forbes, USA. Available at: http://www.forbes.com/sites/ciocentral/2011/07/14/how-to-get-employees-to-really-use-new-technology/ Symantec, 2014: Securing the New Enterprise: Five Key IT Challenges. Available at: http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/white_papers/b-5-key-it-challenges-en-us.pdf Go On UK & Booz & Co â€Å"This is for Everyone: The Case for Universal Digitisation†, 2012

Sports Event Sponsorship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sports Event Sponsorship - Essay Example Although the benefits for an event management company are the profits, more benefits are gained by the sponsors. Due to this, the popularity of sponsorship events is increasing. Sponsorship is now seen as the new marketing tool. This is because it can overcome communication barriers that media advertising cannot (Walliser, 2003). In addition to this, sponsorship marketing can access unlimited target audience. The most popular corporate sponsorship is seen in sports events. Through sports events, corporations can reach a large number of audiences and can also target their brands according to the type of sports and the events. The aim of this research is to evaluate the importance of corporate sponsorships for sporting events and how can event management companies attract sponsors for such events. The recommendations derived from the research will be given to both the corporations and event management companies so that both gain more benefits. The data collection methods used to accomplish this research include primary and secondary methods. The primary research will be conducted through semi-structured interviews of corporations and event management companies. ... Different occasions are being celebrated around the world on daily basis. People especially the organizations find it difficult to plan an occasion or an event thus give this responsibility over to someone who can perform it well. Thus, event planning started. As the growth of different events and occasions started in the world, an events industry was formed (Bowdin et al. 2006). Now-a-days, the event planning industry has evolved and changed as compared to what it was in the past. According to Ash (2006) as the trends in event planning kept changing over the time and the industry began to grow, many organizations outsource their company events to the event planning agencies that offer a complete management package from the starting point to the end point. The formation of the event industry has been led by the globalization of markets and communication affecting the trends and nature of the events industry (Bowdin et al. 2006). According to Allen (2008) the event planning industry now includes professional event management organizations that plan corporate events, social events and weddings. The industry also includes the independent event planners, incentive houses, meeting planners (Allen, 2002). This event planning industry has grown into a multi-billion dollar industry globally. Preparing for an event and organizing everything has been compared to the direction of a movie where once an event starts there is no turning back (Allen, 2008). Sponsorship According to Walliser (2003), a proper definition of sponsorship does not exist but it usually taken as a strategic corporate giving. Companies now incorporate their sponsoring activities into their marketing plan which has made it a strategic marketing tool (Ferrand & Pages, 1999). Sponsorship management

Employee Involvement. Do employee involvement programs improve Essay

Employee Involvement. Do employee involvement programs improve organizational performance Discuss with reference to a minimum of four empirical studies - Essay Example Employee engagement provides them with opportunities to face off with challenging work tasks that require critical thinking to solve, thereby encouraging creativity in the workforce, which eventually becomes a great source of competitive advantage for the organization (Suhasini & Babu 2013, p.146). In that respect, a highly engaged workforce is able to acquire and develop exceptional talents, skills and experience in organizational tasks, thereby becoming extremely effective and reliable in accomplishing tasks while promoting the overall performance of the firm accordingly. The highly diversified talents possessed by an organization’s workforce are its greatest resource because they are its source of competitive advantage and without which the firm cannot function in the face of the highly complex and dynamic global business environment. The complex challenges facing organizations today require massive talent and skills, which can only be developed through creative thinking an d engagement at the workplace, but that cannot happen until the workforce is highly engaged in the intricate workplace environment. Effective talent management at the workplace through quality human resource management practices is a vital precursor to high organizational performance because it eventually inspires confidence and loyalty in the workforce, thereby earning their unending commitment to the firm (Abdulkadir, Isiaka, & Adedoyin, 2012 p.124). Precisely, employee engagement at the workplace makes them feel not only appreciated, but also acknowledged; thus, employee engagement raises their levels of self-esteem, as well as self-worth, and their motivation in organizational tasks inevitably rises eventually leading to high organizational performance eventually. A highly motivated workforce is every organization’s key strategic resource for winning competition and

Commercialization product and service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Commercialization product and service - Essay Example In most cases, there is the existence of confusion between commercialization and sales. While differentiating the two, major consideration is on three crucial aspects. The funnel, which involves the identification of products or businesses that are sustainable in a long time, determines the kind of products and services to put across on the international market. Commercialization as a stage-by-stage process classifies each stage with its own key goals and milestones. Finally, it puts into consideration key stakeholders including customers of the products on launch (Rafinejad, 2007). A number of implications face an organization that seeks to commercialize its products. While going international, an organization has to strategically plan for the challenges, draw its budget and later make a consideration on the opportunities it hopes to achieve by the intended plans. Saxena (2006) advises that proper planning lead to high results and increased levels of sales. Additionally, it ensures that an organization captures its intended market perfectly to increase revenue from the new market. There are instances where companies eying the fruits of globalization have gone ahead to aggressively commercialize their operations, only to make losses. Such incidences, facing companies in the fashion industry and retail chain marketing warrant a proper planning for commercialization. Initially, an organization has to plan for the risks that the organization is likely going to face in the international market. Fierce competition from the existing brands is one of the major implications (Graham & Smith, 2003). As organizations plan to introduce their products in an international market, they have to consider the competition and design ways of countering the existing competitors. One of the main factors to put into consideration is how to counter companies that already have their brands in the target market. Subsequently, the company should device ways and means of capturing this ma rket. While quality of products earns the company brand superiority, it has to ensure that it places it in the minds if the customers such that they prefer it to other brands. As such, any marketing plan that the organization settles on should aim at winning customer’s hearts, which translates to customer loyalty. Budgeting is yet another consideration in the entire commercialization plan. As businesses seek to commercialize their products in the outside market, they have to consider the amount of money they have to spend. First, they have to determine the countries that they wish to introduce their products in. Secondly, they have to determine the number of products to introduce to the market. Subsequently, they have to draw a budget on these expenditures. However, this should be within its budget. The biggest problem facing an organization while drawing its budget is budgeting for the limited resources to achieve high returns and revenues (Saxena, 2006). While drawing a com mercialization plan, an organization has to put into consider three crucial aspects facing its products. The timing of the product, which involves the time of the year and the season, is an important factor to put into consideration. Launching a product in its peak season is the best way in which a company can push its products, while at the

Lab report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Lab Report Example These occipital condyles are projections from the bottom of the skull that attach the skull to the atlas and axis of the cervical vertebrae. This gives an indication of how upright the organism stood. The more centered that the occipital condyles are along the Frankfurt plane, the higher the probability the hominid was upright. 4) Nasal cavity shape – the nasal cavity shape helps establish ancestry and racial origin. A wider nasal chamber indicates a sub Saharan origin as compared to a narrower flared/heartshaped one in the European skull. The Mystery skull 1 belongs to anatomically modern Homo sapiens. The reason I assigned this taxon is due to the high uv/tv ratio. This implies that the hominid had a lower brow and thus the frontal lobes were higher than eye level. The tw/tv ratio is also large meaning that the foramen magnum is high. This implies an upright posture. The index of condylar position is also large implying that the foramen magnum is nearly centrally placed under the skull. This also implies a near upright gait. The facial features such as zygomatic bones are not as prominent, thus showing that the hominid did not have need for large mastication muscles. The maxillary jaw is also less protruded. This is characteristic of the more evolved hominids. The saggital sutures also close to form a well rounded calvaria characteristic of higher hominids. Mystery skull 2 belongs to the Neanderthal. The reason I assigned this taxon is due to the fact that the uv/tv ratio is relatively large. This implies that the brow ridge is not as high, and thus the brain is slightly higher placed than the eyes. The tw/tv ratio shows that the foramen magnum is located lower on the skull and thus the hominid may not have been entirely upright. The xy/xz ratio is quite large. This implies that the foramen magnum was almost centred, meaning that although the hominid was not entirely upright, it may have employed bipedal gait. The

Cultural Activity Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Cultural Activity Report - Essay Example In fulfillment of the requirements of this course, on 15th/03/2014, I took my time and attended a live concert at the City Auditorium. This was a spectacular event organized by the National Jazz Promoters which features the renowned Jazz Band of America. As a student, I had to attend this show in order to have a first-hand encounter with this high school-students-dominated band. It was indeed a great experience because it exposed me to lots of entertainment that I had never enjoyed before. With the National Jazz Promoters at the helm of the concert, everything went as planned. I was very excited and anxious to come across great figures like David Alex Lacy, Joel Gardella, Aaron Mutchler, Josh Achiron and Max who have made a name in the music industry. Even before the beginning of the event, my attention was captured by the theatre. For sure, the event was organized in a very spacious theatre equipped with modern facilities including chairs, stage, auditorium and laser lights. Meaning, all the fans that had thronged the venue would be easily accommodated without any problem. Besides, there were still enough spaces in which everyone would get to dance and enjoy the sweet melodious songs played by these artists. I was impressed by the manner in which these artists entertained us. Each of them seemed to have been adequately prepared for their respective roles which they played excellently. Meaning, the conductor, vocalists, singers, dancers and the instrumentalists were quite articulate in their performance. Everything was properly coordinated to help in producing sweet sounding rhythms that could be enjoyed by everyone. As a matter of fact, I was particularly delighted by the performances of Phillip Ahn who played the saxophone; Nathaniel McKay who played a trumpet; guitarist Josh Achiron and the pianist Max Holm. Their participating in the concert was so entertaining. A part from these instrumentalists, the singers also displayed a

How soda has negative effects on the body.. such as, obesity, sugars Research Paper

How soda has negative effects on the body.. such as, obesity, sugars etc - Research Paper Example Furthermore, continued extensive research has found that the continued consumption of soda does not only increase one’s waistline, but it also has other devastating effects on the human body (Thorndike, Sonnenberg, Riis, Barraclough and Levy 528). A just concluded study by the UCLA revealed that 62% of adolescents aged between 12 and 17 and 41% of kids aged between 2 and 11 years drank on average a single or more sodas in a day (Bubbling 9). This is seconded by the fact that sales of milk in 2009 were exceeded by almost $5 billion; with comparison data coming from the sales of carbonated beverages which averaged about $18.7 billion the same year (Bubbling 11). The high sales recorded in the carbonated beverages may be attributed to the fact that most, if not all, beverages are cheap and easily affordable by many, including children. The year 2000 saw a consumption of more than 15 billion gallons of soft drinks leaving every man, woman and child with a consumption rate of about one-12 ounce in a single day (Malik, Schulze and Hu 274). The increased consumption of soft drinks, mainly soda, in adolescents can be attributed to the fact that they feel they get more bang for their back by buying a super-size soda rather than an 8-ounce carton of milk with low fat content, about 1% (Malik, Schulze and Hu 275). ... This can be attributed to the easy trap posed by the insane overabundance of flavors and varieties of soft drinks. These flavors and varieties of drinks range from diet, regular, with or with no caffeine, to fruity drinks and a host of other energy drinks. Ludwig, Peterson and Gortmaker (505) believe that that the consumption of soda has a detrimental effect on weight control as a result of the additional calories provided by each sweetened soda and or soft drink. Another study revealed that a soda, for instance, Coke, can serve a whole seventeen teaspoonfuls of sugar in every twenty-oz serving. In addition, Sohn, Burt and Sowers (263) argue that a direct estimate or rather conversion of these teaspoons of sugar to calories estimates to about 240 calories that include 65g of sugar. Many argue that these amounts are insignificant but the major problem is persistent consumption of the drink. According to Thorndike et al. (532) consumption of, say, one or two sodas in a day as per the a verage estimates of the U.S and the trend continues for say a year will result in an accumulation of about 87,600 calories which when converted is around 25 pounds gained in just one year. For a person weighing 150 pounds, Ludwig, Peterson and Gortmaker (506) affirm that this increase will result in an increased disease risk of 16%. As a result, the possibility of one developing type-2 diabetes is increased as well due to the increased concentration and or consumption of sugars (Thorndike et al. 533). In children, the choices made regarding diet are believed to have a direct hand in the prevalence of insulin resistance. Other Risks. Weight control and obesity are not the only issues

Candide El Dorado sequence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Candide El Dorado sequence - Essay Example Candide and Cacambo are appreciated in this strange land. Their host, the king and the old man together personify the goodness inherent in all human beings. Remember Candide has had a rough time since his fleeing the home of the Baron. He nearly gives up on the concept of equality and fairness. Despite the lessons received from Con’egonde’s tutor - the philosopher on equality of humanity, the harsh conditions in life alter his mentality towards a state of despondency (Shmoop 32). Eldorado therefore, offers an opportunity to dream again of a just society. Once again Candide is offered a lifeline. He has a reason to live more and appreciate life for what it is. The comparisons by Candide of the life in Westphalia and the life in Eldorado serve to show that Eldorado offers humanity a fair share of life. Candide compares the smiles of the schoolmaster to that of the old man, the kind of excuses given by the old man and even the life lived by the royalty under the king compa red to life in the baron’s palace. The depiction is of a people respectful of the sanctity of life. The society in Eldorado respects life. They purpose to preserve life. This is a major difference from the other cities and places Candide visits in his journeys (Voltaire 24). In his own land, he was forced out merely due to his unpermitted interaction with the daughter of the baron. This is due to an intolerant despot in the person of the baron. He represents the irony of societal leaders. Ideally, leadership was for maintenance of order, peace and harmony. Leaders are expected to be servants of the people. However, the baron’s demeanor full of contempt towards his own subjects who he openly discriminates offers the least of that. Consequently, Candide is denied with the pleasure and privilege of engaging with the baron’s daughter Con’egonde. Therefore, the warm reception Candide receives in Eldorado surprises him. This is a significant aspect of leadershi p. The author depicts the king in Eldorado as the true leader. The reception to the king’s residence not only amuses Candide but depicts the humility of the royalty in Eldorado (Wilson and Reill 201). Eldorado is a world of liberalism. The king allows ideas and pursuit of individual happiness. The bigotry and hypocrisy of other world leaders are openly disdained. The Eldorado’s are free to trade through the market system. Merchants, currency and commerce in general exist without an exploitative regime. The king does not hide behind service provision to collect taxes (Kohler and Magill).While other governments and societies employ the concept of laissez faire, they frustrate the spirit through the abuse of state resources. The free market system ideally views the government as the facilitator of free markets. It is on this premise that they pay taxes to enable governments provide the facilitating environment. However, in society, the governments of the day have continua lly abused state authority to satisfy their own selfish interests. The leadership of the king departs from this tradition. He allows economic empowerment. He uses the resources efficiently for the benefit of the people. Ideally, the author uses this to show his disdain of governments. He champions patriotic leadership that has the interest of the people at heart (Voltaire 24,25). Further a veiled effort to chide class struggles in society emanates. The primary reason that leads to Candide’

Discuss the theme of ladies' ball Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discuss the theme of ladies' ball - Essay Example A softer version of the game was developed and called â€Å"Softball†. Still the same game, just a different set of rules as applicable to women. In Richard Cumyn's novel â€Å"Ladies Ball†, we discover the story of David and his unknown reasons for falling out of love with baseball. Richard Cumyn never clearly stated what year the story was unfolding in, so I am choosing to believe that the story had been set in the era after World War II, when men were coming back from the war and were reclaiming their right to the great game of Baseball. Cumyn as an author creates an internal conflict for this main character, David. However, it is an internal conflict that seems to have no beginning and no resolution. Instead, he used this conflict in order to successfully depict a man who comes to the realization that by letting go of something that he loved and enjoyed as a child, he has also lost an understanding of a portion of himself as a person. When his wife, Joan, is invited to join the local informal ladies baseball league, he believes that she won't have any interest in joining the local team for a game that night. Mostly because she is more of a cycling person than a â€Å"baseball† person. However, it slowly becomes clear to the reader that Joan was simply humoring her husband when she first refused to play with their new neighbors because of the way that David reacted to the invitation extended to her. He decided that she should not play the game. He did not allow her to make the decision for herself. But events on their first night in their new home conspire to allow Joan to try her hand at â€Å"ladies ball†, or softball as their neighbor Grace preferred to call it. However, what David believes and what is true are two different things. Contrary to his belief, Joan did not want to â€Å"get away from this neighbor† but instead, actually wanted to participate in the game. The passage from the book is clear: â€Å"[he] [decid es] that they [need] a way to escape gracefully from [the neighbor].† Thanks to the clever manipulation of their children and an extremely hot summer night, she got the chance to do something that she knew her husband was dead set against her participating in. Somehow, David has chosen to channel his dislike of baseball and his fear of having to play the game that he no longer likes through his wife. His thoughts, actions, and conversation with her that night as they passed the local baseball diamond showed his insecurities about baseball and left him feeling highly uncomfortable and torn between allowing himself to enjoy the female version of a game that he loved, and walking away from the game because it was now being played by women. David is truly uncomfortable with the way that Joan had defied him in order to play the game, making him look like a fool and party killer in front of their new neighbors. He had expected her to decline politely when she was invited to play yet again. He never expected her to suit up and get out on the field, ready, willing, and able to play. When he leaves her to put their children to bed, he can't help but return to the field to see how his wife participates in the game. He does this from the shadows as he is still reluctant to show her and their neighbors that he has started to enjoy the game and watching his wife play â€Å"ladies ball†. Having his wife catch the winning ball only adds to David's inner conflict about the game that he gave up on. His lonely excursion into the baseball mound to get a whiff of the game yet

The Outsiders WebQuest Essay Example for Free

The Outsiders WebQuest Essay During this term, we will be reading the novel, The Outsiders. In order to fully understand the context of the story, it is important that you have a clear understanding of the time period. In some ways many things haven’t changed since the 1960s (i.e. gangs, friendship, etc.). However, in other ways, there have been major transformations. Therefore, you will research certain topics in order to gain a fuller understanding of the setting and social contexts of the novel. You will complete the following tasks: Research a given topic Prepare a presentation about the topic by including pictures, facts, sound clips, etc. (poster and/or PowerPoint presentation) Give an oral presentation to the class about the topic Topics: * Music * Fashion * Historical events * Food and entertainment * Celebrities and movies * Greasers and preps/socials Questions to Answer and Websites to Explore Music 1. What kind of music was popular during the 60s? List a few different genres. 2. What music artists were popular? What were the top songs/albums? http://oldfortyfives.com/1964.htm 3. How is the music different from today? Are there any similarities? 4. Do you think the music of the time had a big influence on the generation? Do you think the music of today has an influence on people? Why or why not? 5. Play at least two songs during your presentation (if you do not have the songs, ask a parent or teacher to help you out) http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/1965.html Fashion 1. What kind of clothes and shoes were popular during the mid- 1960s? 2. Which hairstyles were popular? 3. What kind of makeup was popular? 4. The Socs wear madras shirts in the book. What do they look like? Give a picture. 5. How are the clothes different from today’s fashion? How are they the same? http://www.fiftiesweb.com/fashion/teen-hair-styles.htm http://www.fiftiesweb.com/fashion/teen-clothing.htm Celebrities and Movies 1. Who were famous actors and actresses during the time period? 2. Who was Paul Newman? Name two of his movies in the 1960s. http://www.reelclassics.com/Actors/Newman/newman.htm 3. What were some popular movies during the time period? Name three. 4. What were drive-in theatres? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive-in_theater http://www.driveintheater.com/index.htm Food and Entertainment 1. What were some popular dishes of the 1960s? List dishes for different occasions. http://www.foodtimeline.org/fooddecades.html#1960s http://www.keyingredients.org/001_timeline/001_timeline_04.asp?ID=6 2. What were some fads and forms of entertainment during the time period? http://www.angelfire.com/retro2/nostalgiacafe/60sfads.html 3. Historical Events 1. What were some major historical events between the years of  1964-1965? http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/1964.html http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/1965.html 2. What was the cost of living, petrol, etc. in 1964? 3. What kind of impact do you think these events had on people during the time period? 4. How have things in society changed since the 1960s? Name at least 3 important changes. Socs vs. Greasers 1. Describe a ‘greaser’ by answering the questions below: a. Why were they called ‘greasers’? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greaser_(subculture) b. How did they dress? c. How was their hair? d. What was some ‘greaser’ slang? http://www.stonegreasers.com/greaser/ e. What are the differences between ‘socs’ and ‘greasers’? http://www.amal.k12.nf.ca/projects/grassroots/outsiders/outsiders/8-3/Social%20Classes/socialclasses_files/page0002.htm Group Checklist 1. We have correct spelling and punctuation in our presentation.YESNO 2. We have at least three pictures about our topic.YESNO 3. We have answered all of the questions about our topic.YES NO 4. We have written in complete sentences in our presentation.YES NO 5. Our poster is neat and organized.YES NO IT’S ALL ABOUT ME, MYSELF AND I In the novel, The Outsiders, Ponyboy expresses his feelings in a very poetic way. By doing this, Ponyboy is able to show the reader his true identity: an identity that completely contradicts the stereotype of what society deems to be a greaser. Your goal is to write a poem to express your own identity to show the reader that you are more than a student in a uniform. You will use the templates below to help you express yourself on paper. This will then go  into your identity box. I Am I am (two special characteristics) I wonder (something you are actually curious about) I hear (an imaginary sound) I see (an imaginary sight) I want (an actual desire) I am (the first line of the poem restated) I pretend (something you actually pretend to do) I feel (a feeling about something imaginary) I touch (an imaginary touch) I worry (something that really bothers you) I cry (something that makes you very sad) I am (the first line of the poem repeated) I understand (something you know is true) I say (something you believe in) I dream (something you actually dream about) I try (something you really make an effort about) I hope (something you actually hope for) I am (the first line of the poem repeated) Autobiographical Poem Line 1: Your first name only Line 2: Four traits (adjectives) that describe you Line 3: Son/Daughter of†¦ or brother/sister of†¦ Line 4: Friend of (2 people) Line 5: Lover of (3 people, beliefs, or ideas) Line 6: Who feels (3 sensations or emotions) Line 7: Who finds happiness in (3 items) Line 8: Who needs (3 items) Line 9: Who gives (3 items) Line 10: Who fears (3 items) Line 11: Who hopes †¦(2 changes you would like to happen) Line 12: Who dreams†¦(2 dreams for the future Line 13: Who would like to see (3 items, places) Line 14: Who enjoys (3 items) Line 15: Who likes to wear (3 colors, items) Line 16: Resident of (city or state) Line 17: Your last name IDENTITY BOX You will design and fill a shoebox that will be decorated with things that represent who you are. You can create any sort of decoration you wish. Some examples include: * Pictures of you, your friends, your family. * Your name (which is always good for helping me give you a mark!) * Song lyrics from a band or song you really like. * Pictures from magazines of your favourite actor/singer/sports hero * Pictures of your favourite activities, your favourite clothes, your favourite animals * Samples of poetry or writing that you have written yourself * Autobiographical poem * Quotes that you really like, or that inspire you. **Your box must include an autobiographical poem, which is a type of poetry that explains who you are. ** Your box must include a one-page summary that explains why you chose to decorate your box the way you did. + + + = A FABULOUS IDENTITY BOX! CHELTENHAM LADIES AND THE CHAVS Admire the perfect souped-up Burberry-styled Chavalier. It is one of the etymological questions of the age: from where, exactly, do we get the word chav? Now, at last, there is an answer. Chav, as anyone not living on Mars for the last few months knows, is the  buzzword of 2004 a suitably monosyllabic noun or adjective designed to illuminate that which is most appalling in the young, designer-label-obsessed under-class of early 21st century Britain. When you see a stunted teenager, apparently jobless, hanging around outside McDonalds dressed in a Burberry baseball cap, Ben Sherman shirt, ultra-white Reebok trainers and dripping in bling (cheap, tasteless and usually gold-coloured jewellery), he will almost certainly be a chav. If he has difficulty framing the words you gotta problem mate? then he will definitely be a chav. Very short hair and souped-up Vauxhall Novas are chav, as is functional illiteracy, a burgeoning career in petty crime and the wearing of ones mobile telephone around the neck. Chavs are most at home in run-down, small-town shopping precincts, smoking and shouting at their mates. A teenage single mum chewing gum or drawing on a cigarette as she pushes her baby, Keanu, to McDonalds to meet the chav she believes to be his father is a chavette. So, who coined such a sneeringly useful term? Well, the pupils of Cheltenham Ladies College, apparently. Rumour in the town has it that chav is derived from Cheltenham Average, the name given by the young ladies to the less-eligible young men of the town. Rob Garnham, the mayor of Cheltenham, was less than pleased with the suggestion, pointing out that: â€Å"I am a Cheltenham Mr Average and Im definitely not scum.† He went on: â€Å"As someone who speaks for the people of the town, Im sure we feel insulted by the term. People should come and see Cheltenham and realise what its really like.† Vicky Tuck, principal of the 150-year-old college, was appalled by the suggestion that her girls, schooled so tirelessly in the need to respect other less favoured members of society, could have come up with such a derogatory label: â€Å"It is offensive because its deprecating one group of people against another,† she said. â€Å"If were trying to stand for anything here its respecting all kinds of people living together in harmony. Thats what I spend my waking hours trying to do. Social mobility comes primarily  through education not wealth, and if more people believe we are a more class-ridden society then thats indicative, I think, of poverty of education.† Mrs Tuck believes chav derives from chavi, the 19th century Romany word for child. telegraph.co.uk BAN THE WORD CHAV It is deeply offensive to a largely voiceless group and betrays a revealing level of class hatred It might be hard to say this without sounding priggish or being accused of being rather more politically correct than is healthy, but here goes †¦ We have to stop using the word chav. Would we get away with saying faggot on the BBC? No – there are very few circumstances where that would be acceptable. Would the Guardian print the word pikey? Well they have done five times this year (three times were earnest discussions about the words racism, and the other two were, well, a bit racist). Could we use the n-word in the Fabian Review? Well probably not, especially when making the point that there is rightly a hierarchy of offensiveness. Some uses of some words fall below the threshold of acceptability and some are definitely above it. Chav is way above that threshold. It is deeply offensive to a largely voiceless group and – especially when used in normal middle-class conversation or on national TV – it betrays a deep and revealing level of class hatred. The phenomenon of the word has grown over the last five years. Initially it was purely a term of abuse. You only have to visit the website chavscum.com to see this – have a look at it and be appalled (â€Å"Whatever you know them as, this site is about them, it reads. Britains peasant underclass that is taking over our towns and cities!†). But more recently it has become rather more insidious than that because it is so much more widely used. We have heard it increasingly used in conversation over the last year, invariably to casually describe people not like us and very often used by people who are otherwise rather progressive in their politics. You cannot consider yourself of the left and use the word. It is sneering and patronising and – perhaps most dangerous – it is distancing, turning the chav into the kind of feral beast that exists only in tabloid headlines. It is worse than other forms of snobbery because it so clearly links poverty and being working class to criminality and fecklessness. The middle classes have always used language to distinguish themselves from those a few rungs below them on the ladder – we all know their old serviette/napkin, lounge/living room, settee/sofa tricks. But this is something new. This is middle class hatred of the white working class, pure and simple. It is easy to dismiss this as political correctness gone mad. But the words we use matter. The common use of the word chav creates a sense that this type of discrimination and stereotyping is acceptable and legitimate. Lets not replace the racist or bigoted language of the past with a new set of words that are just as hateful. Many people use chav as a smokescreen for their hatred of the lower classes. That is a despicable subterfuge. It is not the gipsies that are the victims of the chav stereotype, but the useless youths who hang around with nothing to do. True, schoolchildren have adopted the label chav to identify their own tendency (in opposition to Goths and emo monsters). But that just makes them act up to their bad image. guardian.co.uk

Contract case study

Contract case study Contract Case Study Contracts are a legal binding agreement made between two or more parties to work on and to accept all the terms binding to it. All business needs to form a contract during its business life cycle. The two important aspects of a contract are the offer and acceptance. The party that makes an offer in a contract is called the offeror and the party who accepts the offer made by the offeror is called the offeree. There are many terms and conditions stated in the contract which have to be accepted by both the parties to enter in to a legal binding contract. The offeror must state his readiness to create a binding contract by accepting the terms to the offeree. The offeree can offer to form a binding contract an individual, group of people and to the public. Offers made to the public are considered as an invitation to treat since it welcomes offers by many people within a stated time in which the offers need to be made. But there is a significant difference among offer and invitation to tre at. The response to an offer is usually acceptance whereas in the case of invitation to treat, the response would be an offer. Invitation to treat is more as an invitation to make an offer by understanding the terms. Invitation to treat helps in getting a variety of offers and therefore increasing the chance to accepting a better and a more profitable contract. In the case study given, Golden Antiques had posted an advertisement on Monday through the internet which had stated For sale, three Victorian style beds, gorgeous,  £5000 each, cash, will brighten up any bed room! This advertisement is an invitation to treat since it was made to the general public and a response to this invitation to treat would be considered as an offer. This relates to the case of Partridge v Crittenden [1968] ¹ An advertisement by Partridge appeared in the magazine Cage and Aviary Birds, which contained the words quality British, bramble finch cocks, 25 shillings each. Partridge was charged with illegal offering for sale of a wild bird against s.6(1) of the Protection Birds Act 1954 Therefore this will form a unilateral contract since the offer to be in a legal binding contract has been decided by only one party. David, the manager of White Halls Ltd sends an email to Golden Antiques immediately saying that he is interested in buying all three Victorian style beds at the cost of  £4500 each and enquires about any credit facility available upon this purchase. This is an offer made by White Halls Ltd to Golden Antiques. Therefore in the current situation, White Halls is the offeror and Golden Antiques is the offeree. The offeree ( Golden Antiques) must decide upon the offer made by White Halls Ltd and can take any decision since accepting or rejecting the offer is completely in their hands. The reply made by White Halls Ltd must be considered just as a request for information about the terms and other opinion available in the contract. White Halls have not accepted the original terms and cannot be considered to be a counter offer. Therefore a request of information cannot enforce a binding contract. A similar case related to this would be the case of Stevnson, Jacques and Co V McLean [1880] ² Mclean wrote to Stevenson asking if he wanted to buy iron ore at 40S per ton in cash, and the offer was open till Monday. Stevenson asked if the goods were available on credit. They received no answer. On Monday afternoon they contacted the defendant to accept the offer, but the iron had already been sold to someone else. The plaintiff won the case against McLean Golden Antiques responded to the email sent by White Halls Ltd seeking information about the price and the credit facility being available. Golden antiques in response said the following We are not prepared to sell for less than  £5000 each. Credit facility only available if your guarantor is acceptable to us. Please confirm by close of business today if interested. By stating this Golden antiques have made a counter offer to their initial offer. This counter offer states that the contract can be enforced only at the original price mentioned and their terms. They have taken into consideration about the credit facility and have stated that it is available only if White Halls Ltds guarantor is acceptable to them. They have also mentioned that the acceptance to the counter offer has to be conveyed by Tuesday. Stating the time frame for the acceptance, Golden antiques have made it very clear that the acceptance to this offer will not be accepted after Tuesday and therefore be communicated properly. Counter offer is an offer made against the previous offer by the former offeree after taking into consideration the request of information by the offeror. This counter offer is usually the final offer made in the good interest of both the parties to form a legal binding contract. The counter offer nullifies the previous offer made by the offeree. No contr act can be formed if this counter offer is not accepted by the offeror. A relevant case would be the case of Hyde V Wrench [1840] ³ Wrench offered to sell his farm for  £1,000 but Hyde declined. He offered  £950 and then Wrench refused to accept. Finally Hyde agreed to buy the farm at old price but Wrench refused, therefore a counter offer destroys the original offer. After providing a counter offer, Golden antiques will now be the offeror and White Halls Ltd will be the offeree. The counter offer will become a legal binding contract if White Halls Ltd accepts the counter offer made by Golden antiques. Golden Antiques have specified that the offer is valid till Tuesday and any acceptance received after this date will not be taken into consideration. This says that they need a response immediately through effective and fast means of communication. The case related to this will be the case of Tin V Hoffman [1873]4 in this case the offeree was specified to reply by post, any method which to be more effective or faster than post was also acceptable. In this case, the offeror had specified the means of communication through which the acceptance had to be communicated. The court ruled that the offeree must accept this technique of communication or the next best alternative to communicate to the offeror. Relating this to the case study, Golden antiques h ave said that the acceptance to the counter offer need to be made by earliest on the Tuesday which made it obvious that a reliable and fast communication was necessary. If this was not communicated properly or was delayed due to a slower means of communication, the offer becomes invalid due to lapse of time. A contract come into existence only when the latest offer or counter offer is accepted. Acceptance conveys that two or more parties have agreed to all the terms and condition specified in the contract. The most important part of acceptance would be the method of communicating. This is important because acceptance is not effective if it is not communicated. The other important aspect of acceptance is that the parties must obey to the way of communication decided upon i.e. if the offeror has specified a means a communication through which the acceptance has to be communicated, it must be followed. This has to be communicated effectively and within the time frame in which the offer will be valid or it will be cancelled due to lapse of time. If revocation is made before the acceptance takes place, the offer will be cancelled. After receiving the counter offer made by Golden antiques, David faxes the acceptance stating his willingness to purchase the three Victorian style beds at  £5000 each. This acceptance letter also includes the letter from Black Halls Ltd, the guarantor for White Halls Ltd which states It is our policy to ensure that our subsidiary, White Halls Ltd remains solvent at all times. This letter of acceptance by the offeree was not transmitted properly and therefore was not received by Golden antiques. A case that relates to this situation will be the case of Felthouse V Bindley [1862]5 Felthouse tried file a case on the basis of breach of contract however Bindley had the case favoured to his side since it was stated that acceptance was not communicated thus a contract was never really formed. David posted his acceptance on the same day at 5pm even when he was aware of the fact that there was a postal strike on that day. David was well aware that the letter of acceptance would not reach the offeror, Golden antiques at the right time. Therefore, David must have opted for a better means of communication which would be reliable, effective and fast. The time frame being given in the counter offer shows the urgency and importance of communicating the acceptance as fast as possible. But posting the letter is considered as being received according to the postal rule thereby leading to forming a legal binding contract. Postal rule apply where the means of communicating the acceptance to the offer is post or telegram. Postal rule states that the acceptance is effective on the date and time at which the letter is posted and not when the letter of acceptance is received. The postal rule ignores the facts of the time taken to deliver the post and any other circumstances such as post b eing lost. The case that satisfies this will be case between Adams V Lindsell [1818]6 because to the wrong address the post by the Lindsell reached Adams by 5th of September. Adams replied back to Lindsell but the letter reached by 8th of October and the time limit was till 7th of October. The defendants argued that the time limit specified had been passed and they didnt heard a reply hence the offer was already lapsed. However if Lindsell would have addressed the first letter correctly then the plaintiffs could have managed to reply back in time. However the plaintiffs won the case since the postal rule was being applied. On the other hand, there are many exceptions to the postal rule. The postal rule does not apply if the method to communicate the acceptance has been specified by the offeror. White Halls Ltd and Golden antiques had initially started communicating through e-mails and ways a very reliable and fast way to communicate among the parties. Golden antiques showing the urgency and the given time frame show that they were expecting a response from White Halls Ltd through e-mail or a fax. This can be seen when Golden antiques said Please confirm by close of business today if interested and can therefore be taken as an exception to the postal rule. The fax sent by White Halls Ltd was not clear and hence the acceptance was not communicated effectively. David from White Halls Ltd must have tried to send through a different fax machine or might try another time. David must have e-mailed the acceptance letter to Golden antiques which was their initial way of communication. This could have been bett er than posting a letter of acceptance when he was assured about the delay which will be caused due to the postal strike. Therefore, the postal is not applicable in the case of White Halls Ltd and Golden Antiques. A similar case would be Entores ltd V Miles far East Corporation [1955]7 In this case it shows that both the parties had instant communication method (that is telex in this case). Entores sued the M E C for breaching from the contract. The court stated that the negotiations were made by telex so instant communication was available. The defendants tired to argue with postal rule, however it was ruled that if acceptance was made on telex then the postal rule wont doesnt apply. Postal rule does not apply in the above detailed case and the acceptance was not communicated. There has been lapse of time and no contract was formed. Therefore the offeror, Golden Antiques is eligible to form a new contract with the third party and has no legal binding contract existing with the previous party. Roger an accountant who has prepared the financial statements for Golden Antiques called up on Wednesday morning saying that he is interested in buying the Victorian style beds. In this situation, Roger is the offeror and Golden Antiques is the offeree. Roger has provided the service of preparing the financial statements are half the cost he usually charges. This is an example of past consideration and a past consideration has no value in the future. There can be no consideration given for an activity performed in the past. Its the parties own will to charge for an activity to be performed and form a contract for which he will get a return from the other party which are agreed upon by the parties. A relevant case here would be the case of Re McArdle [1951]8 the agreement to pay the money was not enforceable as a contract as the work had been completed and the consideration was wholly passed. The offer made by Roger is valid since there has been no contract between Golden Antiques and White Halls Ltd. To accept this offer, Golden Antiques sends a letter of revocation of the offer on Wednesday to David of White Halls Ltd saying that the Victorian style beds are no longer for sale. A revocation is the termination of an offer. Once a revocation has been communicated, the acceptance of an offer will be ignored and is no longer possible. Revocation is an exception to the postal rule and is considered only when revocation is received by the other party. In a situation where offer and revocation was made on the same day, the decision will depend on whether the offer or the revocation was received first. This will be further explained by the case of Byrne Co V Leon Van Tienhoven [1880]? Tienhoven tried to withdraw the offer, they posted the letter by 8th of October which was received by Byrne Co by the 20th of October. It was ruled that the offer couldnt be withdrawn since the acceptance was already into existence due to the postal rule. In this case the time gap between the revocation and offer being received is very small and is therefore harder to judge whether revocation is effective or not. Golden Antiques received the acceptance letter by post at 3:45pm on Thursday and the fax on revocation is received until 4:00pm. In my opinion revocation should be effective since the posting of the letter is not considered as a means to communicate acceptance in this case. Advise on the parties legal position: There are three parties in this case which are Golden Antiques, White Halls Ltd and Roger. The above detailed case shows that there is more evidence in the favour of Golden Antiques than that of David. Golden Antiques have obeyed the terms of forming a contract and on the part of revocation. They have made it clear on the terms of the contract and also have given the time frame in which the other party must respond and give in their acceptance. The advertisement made by Golden Antiques is an invitation to treat. David the manager of White Halls Ltd makes an offer and negotiates the price of the Victorian style beds. But this is rejected by a counter offer made by Golden Antiques to David and specifies the time frame in which he must convey his acceptance. David tried to fax the acceptance letter but due to technical difficulties was unable to do so. He then posted the letter to convey the acceptance which he was well aware of not being able to make on time. This offer was not affective after Tuesday due to lapse of time. David must have used a better means to deliver the acceptance. He could have adopted the initial way of communication which was email. Revocation letter was then sent by Golden Antiques to David of White Halls Ltd stating that the beds are no longer available for sale. According to the postal rule, the revocation has to be received before the acceptance was received. But in this scenario, the postal rule should be ignored since posting a letter was not an acceptable form of communication in a situation with a short time frame. Therefore David will not be able to take any legal action against Golden Antiques. On the contrary, it will be considered as Davids fault of not considering the terms of the contract. Legal advice to the parties: The three parties involved in this case are Golden antiques, White Halls Ltd and Roger the accountant. From the given clear picture of the case above, it is quiet comprehensible that The Golden Antiques side of the case was more convincing as compared to that of David. If the manager of white halls ltd, be likely to sue golden Antiques, they will not be accused for any claims. Golden antiques had made its companys intentions very clear from the very beginning, i.e. when they had first advertised their invitation to treat. David first makes an offer showing his interest towards the purchase of the Victorian style beds, which was immediately rejected by making a counter-offer by golden Antiques. In the offer it was very well stated that if acceptance not conveyed by Tuesday which in turn makes the postal rule irrelevant. When the acceptance sent by fax was not communicated due to transmission errors, David should have used some other means of communication which would have been equall y fast and effective. As the acceptance was not communicated on time the offer has lapsed. Golden antiques then sent a letter stating the revocation of the offer as they had now decided to sell the beds to Roger and are legally contracted with White Halls. Even though the Revocation of the offer was received or conveyed after the receipt of the acceptance letter from David, this will be regarded as Davids fault for not complying with the terms of the offer. Therefore, it is not advisable to take any legal actions against Golden Antiques because the judge verdict will be on the favour of Golden Antiques. TABLE OF CASES Partridge v crittenden {1968} 1 WLR 1204,{1968}2 ALL ER 421,(1968)112 SJ 582 Stevenson,jacques Co v Mclean {1880) 5 QBD 346 Hyde v Wrench (1840) 3 Beav 334 Tin V Hoffman (1873) Felthouse v Bindley (1862) 11 CBNS 869 Adams v Lindsell (1818)1 B Ald 681, {1818} 106 ER 260 Entores Ltd v Miles Far East Corporation {1955} 2 QB 327,{1955} 3 WLR 48,{1955} 2 All ER 493, CA McArdle,Re {1951} Ch 669,{1951} 1 All ER 905, (1951) 95 SJ 651, CA Byrne Co v Van Tienhoven Co (1880) 5 CPD 344 BIBLIOGRAPHY Ewan McIntyre, Business Law, 4th ed. Pearson Longman, 2008 Catherine Elliot Frances Quinn, Contract Law, 7th edition, Pearson Longman, 209 Charles Wild Stuart Weinstein, Smith and Keenans Company Law, 14th edition, Pearson Longman, 2009

Identity Crisis in Desirable Daughters by Bharati Mukherjee

Identity Crisis in Desirable Daughters by Bharati Mukherjee ABSTRACT: Immigrants have envisioned tales that exhibit experiences of independent and emerging countries. Cultures have taken up new form in the contemporary times, where the issues of Diaspora, globalization, consumerism, transnationalism cultural hyberidity and identity crisis have become new motif in the postcolonial literatures. The new issues give rise to identity crisis that evokes feelings of an individual that portrays socio-cultural setup that shows the blend of tradition and modernity. The new identity creates problems for Tara in Desirable Daughters by Bharati Mukherjee, where she is alienated, languishing in the angst and ennui of the diasporic experience, yet to carve out a niche for herself. In the novel, Bharati Mukherjee has struck a balance between tradition and modernity by representing past and present which is achieved through the female protagonist -Tara, who severed her links with tradition but remains tied to her native country. Tara is influenced by ancient customs and traditions, but is rooted to modern customs. She is conscious of her existential predicament which is mirrored in the epigraph: No one behind, no one ahead the path the ancients cleared has closed. And the other path everyones pathà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ goes nowhere, I am alone and find my way. Tara is alienated from the society as she oscillated between the nostalgic fascinations of a traditional past and the romantic and adventurous allurements of the present. The diasporic qualities exhibited by Tara establish the merging of the East and West which shows the clash. The Identity of the protagonist is highly assimilative, can adopt and accommodate herself both to her traditional Indian way of life and to her newly adopted American ethos. She tries to move away from the constrained identity and vacillates between two lives: maybe I really was between two lives.(251) Taras reconstruction of identity is rooted in her nostalgic and romantic recollection of her past. It is based on the flux of her thoughts about the past coming to her mind in the present but in fragments, and not whole. She tried to reconstruct her identity through her diasporic experience. She was attempting to redefine the importance of her cultures through space and time. Loneliness had made Tara a little wanton and wantonness had made her very lonely. In these five years she had changed beyond recognition, but other character Bish had not changed at all.Bish is also an upholder of tradition. He prefers the values of an imagined past than those of contemporaneity. The concept of home and migration is very much embedded in the narratology that Bharati Mukherjee presents in Desirable Daughters. It is the sense of migration which brings about a change to the identity of Padma, who has finally made New York her home, her land of choice. But her inalienable attachment to her home makes her the sustainer and preserver of Bengali tradition in America. The alien culture thus fails to subvert her traditional identity. On the other hand it only remaps nad reconstructs her cultural identity. Hence migration plays a crucial role in restricting individual identifies and cultural attitudes and perceptions. The novel is woven brilliantly which depicts the thoughts and feelings of three Calcutta, India-born Brahmin upper-class sisters, renowned for their beauty, brains, wealth, and privileged position in society. Mukherjee narrates their lives as they leave their conservative, sheltered childhood home, where they are inundated with culture, tradition, and values and inculcated with education by the Catholic nuns in their convent structured school and college. Two of them emigrate to America and the other relocates to Bombay, India. The three sisters, Padma, Parvati, and Tara, are born exactly three years apart from each other and share the same birthday.They are named after the goddessess name,hoping that they will survive and prosper in whatever they do. We are sisters three/as alike as three blossoms on one flowering tree. (But we are not), says Tara, the protagonist, quoting a poem. Desirable Daughters is the novel that takes a long time to lift itself from the surface and once it releases its themes and characters, it seems to get liberated from the trapped situation. Engrossed in Indian culture old and new, it keeps strucking down in tight little circles of detail that create an atmosphere of cramped inwardness, even suffocation. Bharati Mukherjee, like in her previous four novels and short stories, tries to portray the repression that enables the women of her culture nailed down in subservience to male desires. The feelings and emotions are discovered after exploring traditional Indian society. The novel is based on three strikingly-beautiful sisters from a privileged Bengali Brahmin family in Calcutta feel the tug between tradition and freedom as they try to meet expectations that are often wildly contradictory. The youngest, Tara Chatterjee, seems to have flown farthest from the nest. Tara is divorced from Bishwapriya (a Silicon Valley multimillionaire hand-picked for her by her father), shes raising a sensitive teenaged son on her own. The depressing part is that, she works as a lowly teacher, a choice which would be unthinkable in the culture of her birth. The story is narrated by Tara from her adopted San Francisco home, where she lives with Andy Karolyi, a strange sort of Hungarian Zen carpenter who earthquake-proofs houses. The lifestyle of the protagonist implies, a sort of free and easy hippie lifestyle, but nothing could be farther from the truth. In the novel the rebellion-gestures are merely trappings, or reactions against the gagging restrictions of Taras girlhood. Tara initiates her tale of repression in a curious way, with a legend about her namesake Tara Lata, also known as the Tree Bride a remarkable figure who became prominent in the fight for Indian freedom. After going in for more than twenty pages, Tara then delves into telling story of her own, which seems to be dislocating in nature. She recalls the utter lack of romanticism in her marriage, in which her father told her, There is a boy and we have found him suitable. Here is his picture. The marriage will be in three weeks. Tara, not knowing any other way, submitted: I married a man I had never met, whose picture and biography and bloodlines I approved of, because my father told me it was time to get married and this was the best husband on the market. Mukherjee dwells on every detail of this highly traditional occurrence. The father of the child bride is a traditionalist even though he is a lawyer educated in English and English law. The groom dies of snakebite and his family blames the bride as unlucky. Greedily the father of the groom demands the dowry. But the brides father takes his daughter into the forest where he marries her to a tree. She becomes a woman noted for her courage and generosity. Her American granddaughter visits her home. She has the same name, Tara Lata, as the old woman and like her she has two sisters. The contemporary woman is a divorced woman. Her ex-husband was the traditionally pre-selected bridegroom like his former wife a resident in America and now she lives with her lover, an American, in San Francisco. Her son introduces a young man who claims kinship as the son of her oldest sister, Padma. This is a kind of impossibility. An impossibility since her sister never had a child and a possibility since the familial relationships are so convolutedly secretive as to make the existence of the young man as her nephew plausible. It seems likely that the young mans claim is true and that Padma, Taras sister, did bear an illegitimate child. This is a momentous event for Tara. As the pampered child of wealthy Calcutta parents, she was sheltered from the poverty of the city and from all but the most severe political crises. She suffers the stress now of an immigrant with a child that belongs wholly to her new country. The discovery of Padmas child brings into focus all her inner disqu iet and the need to find valid connections. In the novel, Taras relationship with her two elder sisters is complicated, the flow of affection blocked by a certain formality and adherence to preset roles. Middle sister Parvati married a rich man and stayed in India, but by some miracle was able to select the suitable match for her. Parvati in her own way had established her identity, because of which it was said:Parvati, the pliable middle daughter had done the unthinkable: shed made a love match. He was certainly not what brains-and-beauty Parvati Bhattacharjee could have commanded on the Calcutta marriage market. Even though Paravati was given right to select her right match but after that she is depicted as one who is a meek follower and gets diminished by losing her real.She writes to Tara: I hope you arent doing bad things to yourself like taking Prozac and having cosmetic surgery. Please, please dont become that Americanized. The third, and the eldest sister of Tara, Didi, is married to a Mehta (an illustrious family which includes the conductor Zubin) and moved to New Jersey to pursue a career in television. But again, all is not as it seems. Her lifestyle is a thin veneer laid over the dense, pressed-down bedrock of tradition. She is considered to be most glamorous of all the three sisters. The other character Chris Dey, is represented as crisis in the novel. He is a young man who represents himself to Tara as Didis illegitimate son, conceived through an affair with a prominent businessman named Ronald Dey. This exposes an ugly under layer of culture to Tara, not the India of doting grandparents, not the India of comfort and privilege, but the backyard of family, the compost heap. The characters in the novel are not portrayed in the liberated form, they are trapped into different set of emotions trying to carve out a new identity for themselves. Tara is projected as a character who more of a status conscious tries to uphold the values of traditional society despite falling for different allurements in the present. Her elder sister, Didi pretends hard to be a pure character but falters when gives birth to her son, which represents misalliance.Chris Dey isnt really who he says he is, and in fact he feels like a device, something dropped into the story to keep things moving forward. In the end, the novel, tries to come back from where it started, where and the legend of Tara Lata the Tree Bride, but this device doesnt quite work either. The denouement somehow goes slack and does not yield a satisfying end to the story. The novel seems to be a family saga which could not bring out the desirable characteristics in the characters of the novel, that portrays them as a dominant in any sphere. The end is quite suspenseful and complex where the description of homeland may be magical but symbolic intention was lost. Bharati Mukherjee depicts a liquid society in her novels, ie a society in flux. It is a society of constant flow, the flow of migrants, the flow of machines, flow of criminals, flow of power structures, flow of people and commodities.  Amidst all the confusions the message was brought out clearly and it is represented as a fascinating beautifully written work of art that exhibits vulnerability that cannot be missed out.

Hampton Inn Case Study :: essays research papers

HAMPTON INN: THE 100% SATISFACTION GUARANTEE 1. The philosophy behind the 100% Satisfaction Guarantee is to have the guests act as quality-assurance inspectors by identifying quality deficiencies and reporting them to hotel employees. I do think that this is a good way to improve service quality; however, I am not sure that it is the best way. While it may seem to consumers that employees will try harder to satisfy them, if employees are empowered to refund a customer’s money, they do not have to answer to management, they can just do it. 2. The implications of the 100% Guarantee for (a) guests, (b) managers, (c) owners of the hotel buildings and (d) Promus are: a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Guests – that no matter what happens, even if the hotel really did nothing wrong, they can get their money back. b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Managers – that they have very little to no control over their property or employees. It seems like many important decisions have been taken away from managers, and they can not react in the best interest for the hotel chain because what’s in the customer’s best interest is usually not the same as the company’s best interest. c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Owners of the Hotel Buildings – that they need to keep their facilities in tip top condition or else customers will be dissatisfied with their experience and demand their money back. d)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Promus – that this is a program that can enhance the quality of their hotel system. 3. I think that since certain events are â€Å"uncontrollable† it would be more realistic to exclude them from the guarantee, but it seems like people really respond to the candor of the Hampton Inn employees and respect the fact that they are being honest with them about the conditions of the hotel. This is great for customer service and public relations for the hotel, and very rare in the business world, and I think consumers really appreciate that. 4.

journalism Essay -- essays research papers

A journalist is someone who works in the news gathering business, such as a photographer, editor or reporter. Journalism is all around us. It dominates television and surrounds us in the vast publishing industry of popularization. Journalism influence our perspectives on issues concerning us. In other words, its undeniable that journalism has a deep impact on our lives. There are two sides to journalism – good journalism and bad journalism. According to K. Minogue, the journalist has the power to mould the information they receive into â€Å"propaganda† or they could just report the news with additions of both side of the story. Journalism could even cause a political uproar like uncovering the Watergate scandal that forced President Nixon of the USA from office in 1974. Hence, it is very important that a journalist follow a code of ethics to maintain peace and harmony among the people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I agree that even though journalists are said to have a freedom of expression or speech, they still have to have public responsibilities. In Singapore, we journalist have to watch what we say in delicate matters like September 11 attacks and the current Japanese – China issue. The September 11 attacks may cause our society to be more weary of the Muslims in our society. As journalists, we must we careful not to generalize that all Muslims are extremists. What we can do is to ask our Muslim community on their opinion on the terrorists’ acts and publish it in the news. Since Singapore is a cosmopolitan city, racial and religious matters must be treated diplomatically and fairly. The other races would then be able to understand the Muslims better. Understanding each other would really help nation building as there is social cohesion and thus Singapore would be a peaceful and harmonious home for all. Honesty is another aspect which is very significant. Journalists should observe the common standards of decency and stand accountable to the public for the honesty and accuracy of their news reports. A journalist should not modify or influence any information that goes into their hands. They could do so by using suggestive words and withholding necessary information. Many a time journalists try to create a hype or to make their paper sell like hotcakes by compromising honesty. In Singapore, it is written in the Singapore Jou... ...ght to a certain extent for journalism around the world especially Singapore. Australia and Singapore differ in culture and governance, hence some of the principles may not work in the latter country. Singapore has to provide more protection in journalism to preserve the diverse culture she has. Thus its natural for the government to be more strict by imposing fines if a journalist publish unethical news. This would strengthen the bond of trust of the people in Singapore. References: Goh C. T. (2004) in International Press insitiute.2004 World Press Freedom Review http://www.freemedia.at/wpfr/Asia/singapor.htm http://www.newcriterion.com/archive/23/feb05/journalism.htm http://www.aliran.com/charter/monitors/2004/11/spore-has-more-press-freedom-than-msia.html http://www.asne.org/index.cfm?id=888 http://www.sph.com.sg/ http://www.usinfo.pl/aboutusa/media/ethics.htm http://www.alliance.org.au/ http://www.media-solicitors.co.uk/ Lee, KY (2004) in International Press insitiute.2004 World Press Freedom Review http://www.freemedia.at/wpfr/Asia/singapor.htm Minogue, K. Journalism: Power without responsibility http://www.newcriterion.com/archive/23/feb05/journalism.htm